The role of policy narrators during crisis: A micro‐level analysis of the sourcing, synthesizing, and sharing of policy narratives in rural Texas

How do policymakers respond to crises? The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) answers this question by focusing on the contest over policy narratives. This paper focuses on the individuals constructing those policy narratives, conceptualizing them as policy narrators. Using a case study approach, we analyze seven counties located in a major oil and gas formation in Texas, which in early 2020 faced both an oil bust and the onset of COVID‐19. We explore four sets of propositions about how policy narrators source, synthesize, and share their policy narratives. We find that while their narratives vary, the structure of those narratives is similar;their backgrounds shape how they source narratives, and they tailor their levels of narrative breach to the action (or inaction) they hope for. They avoid casting other local actors as villains, place their audience as the hero, and situate themselves as either supporting or a member of that audience, stressing their common ties. From these findings, we put forward a working definition of policy narrators, identify how they fit into the NPF, and discuss how they relate to other types of policy actors, including policy entrepreneurs. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Resumen ¿Cómo responden los formuladores de políticas a las crisis? El Marco de Políticas Narrativas (NPF, por sus siglas en inglés) responde a esta pregunta centrándose en el debate sobre las narrativas de las políticas. Este artículo se enfoca en los individuos que construyen esas narrativas de políticas, conceptualizándolos como narradores de políticas. Usando un enfoque de estudio de caso, analizamos siete condados ubicados en una importante formación de petróleo y gas en Texas, que a principios de 2020 se enfrentó tanto a una caída del petróleo como a la aparición de COVID‐19. Exploramos cuatro conjuntos de proposiciones sobre cómo los narradores de políticas obtienen, sintetizan y comparten sus narrativas de políticas. Encontramos que mientras sus narrativas varían, la estructura de esas narrativas es similar;sus antecedentes dan forma a cómo obtienen las narrativas;y adaptan sus niveles de ruptura narrativa a la acción (o inacción) que esperan. Evitan presentar a otros actores locales como villanos, colocan a su audiencia como el héroe y se sitúan a sí mismos como apoyo o como miembro de esa audiencia, enfatizando sus lazos comunes. A partir de estos hallazgos, presentamos una definición de trabajo de los narradores de políticas, identificamos cómo encajan en el NPF y discutimos cómo se relacionan con otros tipos de actores de políticas, incluidos los empresarios de políticas. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] 摘要 政策制定者如何响应危机?叙事政策框架(NPF)通过聚焦于政策叙事的竞争，对该问题进行了回答。本文聚焦于对这些政策叙事加以建构的个体，将他们概念化为政策叙事者。通过使用一项案例研究方法，我们分析了位于德克萨斯州主要石油天然气岩层的七个县，这些县在2020年初面临着石油危机和2019冠状病毒病(COVID‐19)的爆发。我们探究了关于"政策叙事者如何获取、综合和分享其政策叙事”的四组命题。我们发现，虽然他们的叙事各不相同，但这些叙事的结构是相似的；他们的背景决定了其如何获取叙事；并且他们根据自身所希望的行动(或不行动)来调整其叙事的断裂程度。他们避免将其他的地方行动者塑造成反面人物(villain)，将其受众视为正面人物(hero)，并将自己定位为受众支持者或受众的一员，强调其共同关系。根据这些发现，我们提出了关于政策叙事者的初步定义，识别了其如何融入NPF，并探讨了其如何与其他类型的政策行动者(包括政策企业家)相联系。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Policy Studies Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Venture capital financing during crises: A bibliometric review

We present the publication trends in the literature on venture capital financing during crises and highlight the top publishing source with the most contributing authors in their affiliated countries using bibliometric and content analysis of 115 documents retrieved from the Scopus database. This study provides insight into the theme with the help of co-occurrence, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling analysis. The authors' keyword co-occurrence analysis shows the spatial links among the articles based on venture capital during the financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The top productive and influential source is the journal Venture Capital, followed by Small Business Economics and the Journal of Business Venturing. The Journal of Business Venturing is the top journal in terms of citations per document. The United States is the most contributing affiliated country having strong links with several nations. The publications on crisis-led venture capital increased significantly after the financial crisis of 2008.

Policy and behavioral response to shock events: An agent-based model of the effectiveness and equity of policy design features.

In the aftermath of shock events, policy responses tend to be crafted under significant time constraints and high levels of uncertainty. The extent to which individuals comply with different policy designs can further influence how effective the policy responses are and how equitably their impacts are distributed in the population. Tools which allow policymakers to model different crisis trajectories, policy responses, and behavioral scenarios ex ante can provide crucial timely support in the decision-making process. Set in the context of COVID-19 shelter in place policies, in this paper we present the COVID-19 Policy Evaluation (CoPE) tool, which is an agent-based modeling framework that enables researchers and policymakers to anticipate the relative impacts of policy decisions. Specifically, this framework illuminates the extent to which policy design features and behavioral responsiveness influence the efficacy and equity of policy responses to shock events. We show that while an early policy response can be highly effective, the impact of the timing is moderated by other aspects of policy design such as duration and targeting of the policy, as well as societal aspects such as trust and compliance among the population. More importantly, we show that even policies that are more effective overall can have disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. By disaggregating the impact of different policy design elements on different population groups, we provide an additional tool for policymakers to use in the design of targeted strategies for disproportionately affected populations.